The threshold of more than 12.5% of total Valid Votes determined the qualification and disqualification of Parliamentary Candidates who contested in the Parliamentary Elections in 7th December 2020 in Ghana. Source of data is from the Parliamentary Elections Results 2020 (Gazette).This is a provision of the Law specified in Regulation 46 (3a) of the Public Elections Regulations, 2020.
Only the four (4) political parties of the New Patriotic Party (NPP), National Democratic Congress (NDC), Progressive Peoples Party (PPP) Peoples National Congress (PNC) recorded parliamentary candidates who qualified for more than 12.5% refundable parliamentary fee. The two major Political Parties of the New Patriotic Party and the National Democratic Congress did not record 100% refundable parliamentary nomination fees because of the stronghold regions of these two parties. It is also important to note that the strong performances of some Independent Candidates denied affected N.P.P and N.D.C Parliamentary Candidates their qualification for refundable parliamentary nomination fees. As a result, the N.P.P recorded refundable Parliamentary nomination fees in 271 constituencies whereas the N.D.C in 269 constituencies. It is a fact that the strongholds of the N.P.P and the N.D.C, in the Ashanti and Volta regions, greatly influenced the 4:6 ratio of non – refundable parliamentary nomination fees with a difference of two (2) constituencies.
The 2020 parliamentary nomination fee was GH¢10,000.00 and recorded a total of eight hundred and eighty (880) candidates with refundable nomination fees for five hundred and Sixty seven (567) parliamentary candidates and three hundred and thirteen (313) as non – refundable. This represented 64.43% and 35.57% respectively of total parliamentary candidates. It is important to note that the higher percentage of qualified parliamentary candidates with more than 12.5% refundable nomination fees determines the levels of popularity and strength in respective contested constituencies.
Of the total parliamentary candidates of five hundred and Sixty seven (567) who qualified refund of their nomination fees, four hundred and ninety two (492) are males and seventy five (75) are females. This represented 86.77% and 13.23% as males and females respectively.
Of the three hundred and thirteen (313) non refundable parliamentary candidates category, two hundred and sixty four (264) are males and forty four (44) are females. This represented 84.35% and 13.65% as males and females respectively.
It is important to note that the higher percentage of qualified parliamentary candidates with more than 12.5% refundable nomination fees determines the levels of popularity and strength in respective contested constituencies. A whooping amount of five million, six hundred and seventy thousand Ghana Cedis (GH¢5,670,000) is to be refunded to qualified party parliamentary candidates of the New Patriotic Party (NPP), National Democratic Congress (NDC), Peoples National Congress (PNC) and the Progressive Peoples Party (PPP), as well as twenty two (22) qualified Independent parliamentary candidates.
However, three million, one hundred and thirty thousand Ghana Cedis (GH¢3,130,000) was forfeited to the state for obtaining valid votes less than or equal to 12.5% of total valid votes in contested constituencies. Clearly the performances of these affected parliamentary candidates show their low level of popularity and the need to re-strategize and improve their chances to qualify for refund and even win the parliamentary seats in future parliamentary elections.
REGION: VOLTA
NORTH TONGU – NPP Did not qualify for refundable parliamentary nomination fee.
AGOTIME – ZIOPE – NPP did not qualify for refundable parliamentary nomination fee.
SOUTH DAYI – NPP did not qualify for refundable parliamentary nomination fee.
KPANDO – NPP did not qualify for refundable parliamentary nomination fee. One of the two independent candidates qualified.
REGION: ASHANTI
FOMENA – NDC did not qualify for refundable parliamentary nomination fee. Independent parliamentary candidate who qualified was the former MP for the NPP.
BEKWAI – NDC did not qualify for refundable parliamentary nomination fee. Independent parliamentary candidate qualified.
SUAME – NDC did not qualify for refundable parliamentary nomination fee. Independent parliamentary candidate qualified.
KUMAWU – NDC did not qualify for refundable parliamentary nomination fee. Independent parliamentary candidate qualified.
BANTAMA – NDC did not qualify for refundable parliamentary nomination fee.
KWADASO – NDC did not qualify for refundable parliamentary nomination fee.
It is important to note that Parliamentary Candidates filed by the eleven (11) political parties of the N.P.P. NDC, GUM, C.P.P, G.C.P.P, A.P.C, L.P.G, P.N.C, P.P.P, N.D.P, and the U.P.P determined their strength and popularity levels at contested constituencies in the Sixteen (16) regions of Ghana. A stronger and more objective determination is the refundable and non – refundable parliamentary nomination fees of these Parliamentary Candidates. The results of the 2020 Parliamentary Elections showed that 64% of the Eight Hundred and Eighty (880) Parliamentary Candidates qualified for more than 12.5% threshold of refundable nomination fees. Since this is more than the measuring result of 50%, it is argued that a greater number of Parliamentary Candidates (Party and Independent) had strong campaign messages and popular with the voter population. In the same vein, 36% non – refundable parliamentary nomination fees of the Eight Hundred and Eighty (880) Parliamentary Candidates (Party and Independent) is an indication of weak campaign messages and low popularity with the electorate.
The dominance of the N.P.P and the N.D.C was very strong in 271 and 269 constituencies respectively. These two major political parties recorded 99% and 98% refundable parliamentary nomination fees in the 275 constituencies. This shows their high level strength and popularity among the voter population having recorded more than 50% measuring result in the 2020 Parliamentary Elections.
It was weak for the P.N.C in the Upper East and Upper West Regions in three constituencies with three (3) Parliamentary Candidates with refundable nomination fees. The Party recorded 8% refundable nomination fees (GH¢30,000.00) of the thirty nine (39) Parliamentary Candidates who contested the elections in thirty nine (39) constituencies of the sixteen (16) regions. It is important to note that the P.N.C contested only four (4) constituencies of the fifteen (15) constituencies in the Upper East Region, and two (2) constituencies in the Upper West region and won 50% each of the refundable parliamentary nomination fees.
The P.P.P recorded parliamentary refundable nomination fees of GH¢20,000.00 in two (2) of the four (4) constituencies of the Central and Volta Regions. This showed 11% of the total nineteen (19) parliamentary candidates in (19) constituencies. In these two regions, the party recorded 50% each refundable parliamentary nomination fees of the two (2) candidates respectively. It is important to note that the party contested the parliamentary elections in twelve (12) of the sixteen (16) regions unlike the Ashanti, Western North, Ahafo and North East regions.
Analytically, the measurement of refundable parliamentary nomination fees for the P.N.C and P.P.P are the same in terms of 50% collection of nomination fees in respective regions and constituencies qualified.
The performances of the other Political Parties with no refundable parliamentary nomination fee show their poor and weakening positions and popularity in the contested constituencies. If these political parties could not qualify for refundable parliamentary nomination fee in at least one (1) constituency, then their strength and popularity is very low. The only way for these very weak political Parties to be strong, recognized and rewarded in the constituencies is to build strong party offices with pragmatic political activities that have a direct bearing in the development of the people (Political Parties Law 2000, Act 574).
Though Ghana’s General Elections seem to show the dominance of the two political parties of the New Patriotic Party and the National Democratic Congress, the other political parties with low performances can increase their chances of obtaining more than 12.5% threshold of the total valid votes in respective contested constituency with effective political and campaign strategies. Once a Parliamentary Candidate qualifies for refundable nomination fee, it is a major step to increase chances of winning the parliamentary seat or come close to win it in the next parliamentary election. This is better than waiting for the two major political Parties of the N.P.P and the N.D.C to make major political mistakes and lose support and popularity of the electorate and other Stakeholders. They must learn from successful Independent Candidates with no offices in the constituencies/districts.
With the total number of Sixty Six (66) Independent Candidates, 33% recorded refundable parliamentary nomination fees unlike 66% in Fourteen (14) of the Sixteen (16) regions. Only Ahafo and North East regions did not record Independent Parliamentary Candidates in the 2020 Parliamentary Elections. The strength and popularity of some of the Independent Candidates were evident in the Ashanti and Volta regions, the strongholds of the N.P.P and the N.D.C. Results in constituencies such as Kpando, Fomena, Bekwai, Suame and Kumawu recorded Independent Candidates qualified for refundable nomination fees unlike the N.P.P at Kpando, and the N.D.C at Fomena, Bekwai, Suame and Kumawu.
Comparatively, the Political Parties with Five Hundred and Forty Five (545) Parliamentary Candidates have a superior urge and dominance over Independent Parliamentary Candidates with Twenty Two (22) recorded 67% and 33% respectively of refundable parliamentary nomination fees. Using the measuring result of more than 50%, the performances of Party Parliamentary Candidates was higher in terms of popularity with organized and systematic campaigns than Independent Candidates. With non – refundable parliamentary nomination fees, results of Forty Four (44) Independent Candidates show weaker positions than Two Hundred and Sixty (269) Party Candidates with 67% and 33% respectively.
Indeed, the principle of universal adult suffrage works in all democracies with the conduct of public elections as part of the electoral system within the framework of the political system. It shows that true power is in the hands of the electorate and they determine whether a candidate wins the election and qualifies for refundable nomination fee or does not win the election but qualifies for refundable nomination fee as established by law.
Source: 2020 Parliamentary Elections Results in Ghana (Gazette)
Writer: Nana Kwaku Duodu
























































